This web page aims to provide a latest list of top Veterinary journals. The journals are Web of Science (SCI) indexed with high impact factor. Moreover, the listed journals are UGC CARE approved, Scopus indexed. The journals are sorted based on Scopus SJR score.
| S. No. | Journal Title | Publisher | ISSN | SJR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Annual Review of Animal Biosciences | Annual Reviews Inc. | 21658110, 21658102 | 3.307 |
| 2 | GeroScience | Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | 25092715, 25092723 | 1.564 |
| 3 | Veterinary Quarterly | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 01652176, 18755941 | 1.308 |
| 4 | Animal Microbiome | BioMed Central Ltd | 25244671 | 1.291 |
| 5 | Vaccine | Elsevier Ltd | 0264410X, 18732518 | 1.248 |
| 6 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine | John Wiley and Sons Inc | 25762095, 20965451 | 1.167 |
| 7 | EFSA Journal | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 18314732 | 1.111 |
| 8 | Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B | Zhejiang University | 16731581, 18621783 | 1.08 |
| 9 | Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases | Elsevier B.V. | 2667114X | 0.987 |
| 10 | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | Wiley-Blackwell | 19391676, 08916640 | 0.971 |
| 11 | Transboundary and Emerging Diseases | John Wiley and Sons Ltd | 18651674, 18651682 | 0.919 |
| 12 | Veterinary Research | BioMed Central Ltd | 09284249, 12979716 | 0.914 |
| 13 | Veterinary and Comparative Oncology | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 14765829, 14765810 | 0.892 |
| 14 | Irish Veterinary Journal | BioMed Central Ltd | 03680762, 20460481 | 0.825 |
| 15 | Veterinary Journal | 15322971, 10900233 | 0.824 | |
| 16 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering | Higher Education Press Limited Company | 20957505, 2095977X | 0.821 |
| 17 | Zoonoses and Public Health | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 18631959, 18632378 | 0.788 |
| 18 | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | Frontiers Media SA | 22971769 | 0.783 |
| 19 | Veterinary Pathology | SAGE Publications Ltd | 15442217, 03009858 | 0.776 |
| 20 | Journal of Medical Entomology | Oxford University Press | 222585 | 0.771 |
| 21 | Journal of Animal Science and Technology | Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology | 26720191, 20550391 | 0.756 |
| 22 | Acta Tropica | Elsevier B.V. | 18736254, 0001706X | 0.752 |
| 23 | Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews | Comparative Cognition Society | 19114745 | 0.751 |
| 24 | Veterinary Surgery | Wiley-Blackwell | 1532950X, 01613499 | 0.748 |
| 25 | Animals | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 20762615 | 0.733 |
| 26 | Veterinary Dermatology | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 09594493, 13653164 | 0.725 |
| 27 | BMC Veterinary Research | BioMed Central Ltd | 17466148 | 0.723 |
| 28 | Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia | Elsevier B.V. | 14672995, 14672987 | 0.722 |
| 29 | Pakistan Veterinary Journal | Faculty Of Veterinary Science, University Of Agriculture | 2538318 | 0.717 |
| 30 | Animal Bioscience | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies | 27650235, 27650189 | 0.694 |
| 31 | Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 14793261, 14764431 | 0.692 |
| 32 | Veterinary Microbiology | Elsevier B.V. | 03781135, 18732542 | 0.687 |
| 33 | Vaccine: X | Elsevier Ltd | 25901362 | 0.686 |
| 34 | International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 23144599, 23144580 | 0.672 |
| 35 | Veterinary Sciences | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 23067381 | 0.653 |
| 36 | Parasite | EDP Sciences | 1252607X, 17761042 | 0.65 |
| 37 | Animal Diseases | BioMed Central Ltd | 27310442 | 0.646 |
| 38 | Dairy | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 2624862X | 0.631 |
| 39 | Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 17408261, 10588183 | 0.631 |
| 40 | Medical and Veterinary Entomology | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 0269283X, 13652915 | 0.624 |
| 41 | Experimental Animals | 13411357 | 0.614 | |
| 42 | Journal of Fish Diseases | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 13652761, 01407775 | 0.614 |
| 43 | Research in Veterinary Science | Elsevier B.V. | 15322661, 00345288 | 0.608 |
| 44 | Veterinary Parasitology | Elsevier B.V. | 03044017, 18732550 | 0.606 |
| 45 | Medical Mycology | Oxford University Press | 13693786, 14602709 | 0.589 |
| 46 | Mycopathologia | Springer Science and Business Media B.V. | 15730832, 0301486X | 0.588 |
| 47 | Livestock Science | Elsevier B.V. | 18711413 | 0.586 |
| 48 | Archives of Animal Nutrition | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 14772817, 1745039X | 0.571 |
| 49 | Veterinary Ophthalmology | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 14635224, 14635216 | 0.568 |
| 50 | Veterinary Research Communications | Springer Science and Business Media B.V. | 15737446, 01657380 | 0.568 |
| 51 | Parasitology Research | Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH | 14321955, 09320113 | 0.565 |
| 52 | Journal of Veterinary Cardiology | Elsevier B.V. | 17602734, 18750834 | 0.552 |
| 53 | Veterinary Medicine and Science | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 20531095 | 0.551 |
| 54 | Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology | Georg Thieme Verlag | 25676911, 09320814 | 0.548 |
| 55 | Veterinary Medicine International | John Wiley and Sons Ltd | 20908113, 20420048 | 0.546 |
| 56 | Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences | University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture | 00750530, 24100862 | 0.545 |
| 57 | Veterinary World | Veterinary World | 22310916, 09728988 | 0.541 |
| 58 | Veterinary and Animal Science | Elsevier B.V. | 2451943X | 0.54 |
| 59 | Zoonoses (Ireland) | Compuscript Ltd | 27377474, 27377466 | 0.525 |
| 60 | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran | 22518894, 22520554 | 0.52 |
| 61 | Translational Animal Science | Oxford University Press | 25732102 | 0.509 |
| 62 | Australian Veterinary Journal | Wiley-Blackwell | 17510813, 00050423 | 0.505 |
| 63 | Anthrozoos | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 8927936 | 0.504 |
| 64 | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | BioMed Central Ltd | 17510147, 0044605X | 0.501 |
| 65 | Poultry | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 26741164 | 0.501 |
| 66 | Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | SAGE Publications Inc. | 19434936, 10406387 | 0.49 |
| 67 | Journal of Veterinary Behavior | Elsevier Inc. | 15587878 | 0.489 |
| 68 | Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research | AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | 22190635, 00302465 | 0.482 |
| 69 | American Journal of Veterinary Research | American Veterinary Medical Association | 19435681, 00029645 | 0.477 |
| 70 | Journal of Veterinary Medical Education | University of Toronto Press | 0748321X | 0.473 |
| 71 | Journal of Veterinary Research (Poland) | 24507393, 24508608 | 0.472 | |
| 72 | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | American Veterinary Medical Association | 00031488, 1943569X | 0.462 |
| 73 | Veterinary Clinical Pathology | Wiley-Blackwell | 02756382, 1939165X | 0.462 |
| 74 | Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports | Elsevier B.V. | 24059390 | 0.456 |
| 75 | Animal Welfare | Universities Federation for Animal Welfare | 9627286 | 0.453 |
| 76 | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 15327604, 10888705 | 0.446 |
| 77 | Journal of Applied Animal Research | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 09741844, 09712119 | 0.429 |
| 78 | Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology | Elsevier B.V. | 01652427, 18732534 | 0.427 |
| 79 | Laboratory Animals | SAGE Publications Ltd | 00236772, 17581117 | 0.426 |
| 80 | Comparative Medicine | American Association for Laboratory Animal Science | 15320820, 2769819X | 0.425 |
| 81 | Journal of Veterinary Science | Korean Society of Veterinary Science | 1229845X, 1976555X | 0.425 |
| 82 | Ruminants | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 2673933X | 0.418 |
| 83 | Animal Reproduction | Colegio Brasileiro de Reproducao Animal | 19843143, 18069614 | 0.417 |
| 84 | Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria | BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY | 0103846X | 0.412 |
| 85 | Veterinary Record Open | John Wiley & Sons Inc. | 23992050, 20526113 | 0.406 |
| 86 | Veterinary Record | John Wiley and Sons Inc | 00424900, 20427670 | 0.403 |
| 87 | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science | Japanese Society of Veterinary Science | 13477439, 09167250 | 0.399 |
| 88 | Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research | Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh | 23117710 | 0.398 |
| 89 | Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences | University of Mosul - College of Veterinary Medicine | 20711255, 16073894 | 0.389 |
| 90 | Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 01407783, 13652885 | 0.386 |
| 91 | Parasitologia | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 26736772 | 0.38 |
| 92 | Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | American Association of Zoo Veterinarians | 10427260 | 0.379 |
| 93 | Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | 26735636 | 0.379 |
| 94 | Journal of Comparative Pathology | W.B. Saunders Ltd | 00219975, 15323129 | 0.366 |
| 95 | International Journal of Veterinary Science | Unique Scientific Publishers | 23043075, 23054360 | 0.365 |
| 96 | Open Veterinary Journal | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli | 22186050, 22264485 | 0.362 |
| 97 | Journal of Veterinary Dentistry | SAGE Publications Inc. | 24704083, 08987564 | 0.354 |
| 98 | Acta Medica Academica | Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18402879, 18401848 | 0.35 |
| 99 | Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research | Canadian Veterinary Medical Association | 19289022, 08309000 | 0.343 |
| 100 | New Zealand Veterinary Journal | Taylor and Francis Ltd. | 00480169, 11760710 | 0.336 |
| 101 | Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | Polska Akademia Nauk | 15051773 | 0.32 |
| 102 | Canadian Veterinary Journal | Canadian Veterinary Medical Association | 85286 | 0.319 |
| 103 | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research | Shiraz University | 17281997 | 0.318 |
| 104 | Tropical Animal Science Journal | Bogor Agricultural University | 2615790X, 2615787X | 0.314 |
| 105 | Archives of Razi Institute | Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute | 20089872, 03653439 | 0.313 |
| 106 | German Journal of Veterinary Research | German Multidisciplinary Publishing Center | 27031322 | 0.307 |
| 107 | Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C: Anatomia Histologia Embryologia | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd | 14390264, 03402096 | 0.307 |
| 108 | Veterinary Research Forum | Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | 20088140 | 0.306 |
| 109 | International Journal of One Health | Veterinary World | 24555673, 24558931 | 0.303 |
| 110 | Ciencia e Agrotecnologia | Federal University of Lavras | 14137054, 19811829 | 0.293 |
| 111 | Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde | Gesellschaft Schweizer Tierarztinnen und Tierarzte | 00367281, 16642848 | 0.289 |
| 112 | Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi | Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers | 13000861 | 0.279 |
| 113 | Animal Science Papers and Reports | Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 23008342, 08604037 | 0.273 |
| 114 | Acta Veterinaria Hungarica | Akademiai Kiado ZRt. | 15882705, 02366290 | 0.272 |
| 115 | Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria | Society of Veterinary Medicine of the State of Rio de Janeiro | 01002430, 25272179 | 0.27 |
| 116 | Journal of Medical Primatology | Blackwell Munksgaard | 00472565, 16000684 | 0.264 |
| 117 | Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi | Kafkas University | 13006045, 13092251 | 0.261 |
| 118 | Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine | W.B. Saunders | 19316283, 15575063 | 0.256 |
| 119 | Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Medpharm Publications | 10199128, 22249435 | 0.255 |
| 120 | Pan African Medical Journal One Health | Pan African Medical Journal | 27072800 | 0.252 |
| 121 | Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira | Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal | 0100736X, 16785150 | 0.251 |
| 122 | Acta Veterinaria | Walter de Gruyter GmbH | 05678315, 18207448 | 0.25 |
| 123 | Veterinary Integrative Sciences | Chiang Mai University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | 26299968 | 0.247 |
| 124 | Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences | Universidad Austral de Chile | 07198000, 07198132 | 0.244 |
| 125 | Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais | 01020935, 16784162 | 0.241 |
| 126 | Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux (France) | CIRAD | 19516711, 00351865 | 0.241 |
| 127 | Acta Veterinaria Brno | University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences | 18017576, 00017213 | 0.24 |
| 128 | Veterinarni Medicina | Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences | 18059392, 03758427 | 0.239 |
| 129 | Lab Animal | Springer Nature | 15484475, 00937355 | 0.237 |
| 130 | Revista Ceres | Universidade Federal de Vicosa | 0034737X, 21773491 | 0.237 |
| 131 | Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction | ACS Publisher | 09702997, 25837583 | 0.236 |
| 132 | Veterinaria Mexico OA | Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico | 24486760 | 0.236 |
| 133 | Veterinaria Italiana | Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Abruzzo e del Molise | 0505401X, 18281427 | 0.235 |
| 134 | Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences | ResearchersLinks Ltd | 23093331, 23078316 | 0.234 |
| 135 | Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias | INIFAP-CENID Parasitologia Veterinaria | 20071124, 24486698 | 0.232 |
| 136 | Advancements in Life Sciences | The Running Line | 23105380 | 0.228 |
| 137 | Ciencia Rural | Universidade Federal de Santa Maria | 1038478 | 0.228 |
| 138 | Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences | TUBITAK | 13036181, 13000128 | 0.228 |
| 139 | World's Veterinary Journal | Scienceline Publication | 23224568 | 0.228 |
| 140 | Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science | Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, USP | 16784456, 14139596 | 0.226 |
| 141 | Large Animal Review | Edizioni Scivac | 11244593 | 0.225 |
| 142 | American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences | Science Publications | 15574563, 15574555 | 0.222 |
| 143 | Journal of Animal Health and Production | ResearchersLinks Ltd | 23082801 | 0.222 |
| 144 | Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies | Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman | 23223553, 2322374X | 0.216 |
| 145 | Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine | John Wiley and Sons Ltd | 20907001, 2090701X | 0.214 |
| 146 | Indian Journal of Animal Research | Agricultural Research Communication Centre | 03676722, 09760555 | 0.214 |
| 147 | Human-Animal Interactions | CABI International | 29579538 | 0.212 |
| 148 | Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Schluetersche GmbH und Co | 14390299, 00059366 | 0.21 |
| 149 | Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | Egyptian Society for Animal Management (ESAM) | 16874072, 20903308 | 0.202 |
| 150 | Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture | Diponegoro University | 20878273, 24606278 | 0.2 |
| 151 | Jurnal Medik Veteriner | Airlangga University | 2581012X, 26157497 | 0.2 |
| 152 | Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Grosstiere - Nutztiere | Georg Thieme Verlag | 14341220, 25675834 | 0.199 |
| 153 | Comparative Exercise Physiology | Brill Wageningen Academic | 17552540, 17552559 | 0.198 |
| 154 | Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research | Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine | 20906269, 20906277 | 0.195 |
| 155 | Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society | Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society | 17922720 | 0.195 |
| 156 | Journal of Camelid Science | International society of Camelid Research and Development | 19998732 | 0.194 |
| 157 | Veterinarski Glasnik | Veterinarski Fakultet | 24060771, 03502457 | 0.194 |
| 158 | Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research | Hokkaido University | 471917 | 0.193 |
| 159 | Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications | 23050500, 23050519 | 0.192 |
| 160 | Journal of Buffalo Science | Lifescience Global | 1927520X | 0.192 |
| 161 | Acta Veterinaria Eurasia | Istanbul University | 2618639X, 2619905X | 0.19 |
| 162 | Buffalo Bulletin | Kasetsart University | 1256726 | 0.19 |
| 163 | Ciencia Animal Brasileira | Universidade Federal De Goias (UFG) | 18096891, 15182797 | 0.19 |
| 164 | Veterinarski Arhiv | University of Zagreb, Facultty of Veterinary Medicine | 03725480, 13318055 | 0.19 |
| 165 | Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research | Agricultural Research Communication Centre | 09760563, 09714456 | 0.189 |
| 166 | Veterinarska Stanica | Croatian Veterinary Institute | 18491170, 03507149 | 0.189 |
| 167 | Indian Journal of Animal Sciences | Indian Council of Agricultural Research | 3678318 | 0.188 |
| 168 | Slovenian Veterinary Research | University of Ljubljana Press | 15804003 | 0.184 |
| 169 | Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science | Agricultural Academy | 13100351 | 0.183 |
| 170 | Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research | Scienceline Publication | 22287701 | 0.183 |
| 171 | Society and Animals | Brill Academic Publishers | 15685306, 10631119 | 0.183 |
| 172 | Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine | University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine | 16095693 | 0.18 |
| 173 | Veterinary Record Case Reports | John Wiley and Sons Inc | 20526121 | 0.18 |
| 174 | Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine | Thracian University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | 13111477, 13133543 | 0.179 |
| 175 | Letters in Animal Biology | 25840479 | 0.178 | |
| 176 | Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine | Chulalongkorn University | 1256491 | 0.178 |
| 177 | Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine | Israel Veterinary Medical Association | 23048859, 03349152 | 0.176 |
| 178 | Acta Scientiae Veterinariae | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul | 16780345, 16799216 | 0.172 |
| 179 | Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science | National Information and Documentation Centre | 11100222, 2357089X | 0.172 |
| 180 | Exploratory Animal and Medical Research | West Bengal Veterinary Alumni Association | 2277470X, 2319247X | 0.172 |
| 181 | Archives of Veterinary Medicine | Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad | 18209955, 26834138 | 0.17 |
| 182 | Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos | 16099117, 16823419 | 0.168 |
| 183 | Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | 23208694 | 0.167 |
| 184 | Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias | Universidad de Antioquia | 22562958, 01200690 | 0.164 |
| 185 | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery | Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association | 26766299, 20083033 | 0.161 |
| 186 | Macedonian Veterinary Review | University Ss Kiril and Metodij, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | 14097621, 18577415 | 0.161 |
| 187 | Medycyna Weterynaryjna | Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych | 258628 | 0.161 |
| 188 | Journal of the Zhejiang University - Agriculture and Life Science | Zhejiang Daxue | 10089209 | 0.16 |
| 189 | Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift | Osterreichische Gesellschaft der Tierarztinnen und Tierarzte | 2539411 | 0.159 |
| 190 | In Practice | John Wiley & Sons Inc. | 20427689, 0263841X | 0.157 |
| 191 | ITEA Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria | Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario | 16996887 | 0.157 |
| 192 | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology | Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | 24236306, 2008465X | 0.155 |
| 193 | Animal Production Research | University of Guilan | 22520872, 25386107 | 0.154 |
| 194 | Revista MVZ Cordoba | Biblioteca Universidad de Cordoba | 01220268, 19090544 | 0.154 |
| 195 | Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science | Scandinavian Society for Laboratory Animal Science | 09013393, 20020112 | 0.152 |
| 196 | Bulletin de l'Academie Veterinaire de France | Academie Veterinaire de France | 00341843, 00014192 | 0.149 |
| 197 | Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja | Herman Otto Intezet | 0025004X | 0.149 |
| 198 | Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner | Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development | 08537380, 2252696X | 0.148 |
| 199 | Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal (Egypt) | Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | 23145226, 10125973 | 0.146 |
| 200 | Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology | Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology | 19830246 | 0.142 |